Özet
THE THEME OF MOTHERLAND IN TURKISH POEM FROM THE TANZİMAT ERA UNTIL TODAY
The feeling of motherland is as old as the history of humanity. However,the idea of motherland was used in today’s meaning in Turkish poems after Tanzimat with Namık Kemal. In the period from Tanzimat to the Republic, we see that poets wrote poems about the theme of motherland that would rouse the nation to action intensely and call them for struggle.Those ones were the poets of a government which had lost lands with the wars; which had defended consistently; had tried to protect what it had; had had to withdraw to the motherland and besides, which had come to a progress to lose it.
At the end of the National War for Independence, the independence was gained, the Turkish Re- public was founded, the progress of Anatolia and the country was emphasized with a new mood. In this atmosphere, in the period between 1923 and 1940, the poems, in which motherland was used as a theme or a sub-theme, were written with a romantic point of view.These poems narra- ted the victories, the greatness of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the beauty of Anatolia that had been neglected for centuries, and the diligence of Anatolian people. At the same period, together with the poems, which dealt with the theme of the motherland by accepting Marxism and Nationa- lism as ideologies and the poems that dealt with the motherland with a mystical point of view, were also seen. After the 1940’s, a lot of important changes and developments which could be considered as a turning point for our country took place in many aspects.
The developments and changes naturally effected poems. For instance, Turkish Republic started to use multiparty system, the second World war came to an end and the era of the Cold War began, Turkey spread to the West by being a member of NATO and the United Nations and therefore a struggle occured between the groups that considered the Western World imperialist and wanted freedom by showing communism as an alternative; and the groups that opposed those kinds of ideologies and that were nationalist and conservative. In addition to those events the world and our country started to a new process with the consequence of collapsing of the Soviet Union. And in this period, as a theme or a subtheme motherland was used in poems sometimes with a romantic and sometimes with a realistic point of view.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Motherland, Anatolia, Turkish poems, theme.